7/29/2023 0 Comments Hypotonia muscle synergy![]() In Down syndrome, there is a delay of motor control and sensory feedback leading to physical, cognitive and perceptual limitations which interfere with ADL activities. As well as decreased bone density, cartilage hypoplasia, laxity of ligaments and hypotonia affect joint torque and contraction efficiency leading to impaired ADL activities and postural reaction. There are delaying stages of motor development in Down syndrome this slowness in gross and fine motor abilities affects neuropsychomotor abilities. This will lead to walking, grasping and reaching becoming slower in reaction time. The central nervous system provides a solution to these problems by producing an abnormal co-contraction pattern of pre-programmed movement to increase balance response leading to increasing effects of disturbances. The brain of DS children becomes smaller and lighter than normal children, decreased neuronal numbers, impaired synaptic efficiency due to decreased neurotransmitter and delayed in the neural myelination process. The third is the decreased muscle strength especially trunk muscles and LL muscles which interfere with skills development and the last factor is the shortening of the limbs in relation to trunk length leading to difficulty in acquiring sitting unless the child flexes his trunk forward to be able to use upper limbs as a support and move farther sideways when he has fallen to the side to compensate the arm shortening also he has difficulty in climbing stairs due to its height in relation to shorted L. The second is the laxity of the ligament due to abnormal collagen distributions appearing in foot leading to flat feet, in knee leading to genu recurvatum and in hip leading to hypermobility with instability of the joint. Several factors cause the delay in gross motor coordination in Down syndrome, firstly hypotonic factor which affects abdominal muscles resulting in loss of balance during standing. The responsibility of overexpression genes present in chromosome 21 on occurring central nervous system dysfunctions in Down syndrome children is the decrease of amount, shape and volume of the neurons, impaired neural myelination of CNS, insufficient neurotransmitter, degenerative process and more expressions of neural apoptosis and amyloidal precursor protein. Improving posture control and hand functions in Down syndrome children. Training is recommended in improving gross motor coordination and grip controlĪbilities in Down syndrome, so this suggested approach may be used as a selective choice for TheĪddition of sensory integration therapy program to specific physiotherapy In the kinesthesia control group and significant in a grip control group. Representative improvement in the study groups (p = 0.0001) while insignificant Grip control ability and kinesthesia test demonstrate Post-treatment results w as more significant in Motor coordination test measures in the study group The 30 Down syndrome children participat ing in the study. The children parents in both groups A and B were instructed toĬomplete 3 hours of the home routine program. Measurements were taken before initial treatment and after 12 weeks of Test to test and follow awareness of joint position and movement. Handheld dynamometer to test and follow grip control ability and kinesthesia Side and Transferring boxes) to test and follow gross motor coordination, MotorĬoordination test measures (Balancing backward, Hopping, Jumping from side to ![]() ![]() Into two groups : group A received ( sensory integration therapy program plus specific physiotherapy training)Īnd group B received (specific physiotherapy training program only). ![]() Thirty children were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned In improving gross motor coordination and grip control in Down syndromeĬhildren. Work was carried out to investigate the efficacy of sensory integration therapy
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